Preheat oven to 325°F. Season beef chunks with salt and pepper. Heat olive oil in a 6-quart Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Sear beef in batches until deeply browned, 10 to 12 minutes per batch. Transfer to a plate.
Melt butter in the same pot over medium-high heat. Add onion, carrots, and celery. Cook until softened, about 5 minutes, scraping up browned bits.
Stir in garlic, tomato paste, thyme, and Worcestershire sauce. Add red wine and simmer until reduced by half, 2 to 3 minutes.
Sprinkle flour over vegetables and stir to coat. Gradually whisk in beef broth, breaking up lumps. Return beef to pot with potatoes and bay leaves. Simmer 5 minutes.
Cover and braise in oven for 1 hour and 15 minutes, until beef is fork-tender.
Remove from oven and stir in frozen peas. Increase oven temperature to 400°F. Transfer filling to a baking dish.
Roll out puff pastry and drape over filling, folding in overhang. Brush with beaten egg yolks. Cut slits in top for steam.
Bake at 400°F for 25 to 30 minutes, until pastry is golden and puffed. Rest 10 minutes before serving.