Bring a large pot of salted water to boil for the pasta. While heating, combine flour, Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper in a shallow dish.
Dredge chicken tenders in the seasoned flour, shaking off excess. This creates the crispy coating.
Heat 2 tablespoons olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Cook chicken in batches for 4-5 minutes per side until golden and cooked through (165°F internal). Remove and tent with foil.
Add remaining 1 tablespoon oil to the skillet. Cook bell peppers and red onion for 5-6 minutes until tender-crisp. Add garlic and cook 1 minute until fragrant.
Pour in white wine to deglaze, scraping up browned bits from the bottom. Stir in chicken broth, heavy cream, lemon juice, and lemon zest.
Bring to gentle simmer and cook 3-4 minutes until sauce thickens slightly. Return chicken to pan with accumulated juices.
Cook pasta according to package directions until al dente. Reserve 1 cup pasta water, then drain.
Add cooked pasta to skillet with Parmesan and parsley. Toss everything together until pasta is well coated. Add pasta water if sauce is too thick.
Serve immediately with extra Parmesan and fresh parsley. Garnish with lemon wedges if desired.