Generously butter a 9x13-inch baking dish. Spread half of the bread cubes in the bottom of the dish.
Layer the diced apples evenly over the bread, then top with the remaining bread cubes.
In a large bowl, whisk together eggs, milk, heavy cream, half the granulated sugar, vanilla extract, cinnamon, nutmeg, and salt until well combined.
Pour the custard mixture evenly over the bread and apples. Press down gently with a spatula to help the bread absorb the liquid.
Cover tightly with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 8 hours or overnight.
When ready to bake, preheat oven to 350°F. Remove casserole from refrigerator.
In a small bowl, mix the remaining granulated sugar, brown sugar, melted butter, and pecans. Sprinkle this mixture evenly over the top of the casserole.
Bake uncovered for 45-55 minutes until the top is golden brown and the center is set. A knife inserted in the middle should come out mostly clean.
Let cool for 10 minutes. Dust with powdered sugar and serve warm with maple syrup.